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奥地利的哈布斯堡王朝显赫一时，最终因近亲通婚而衰落。欧洲学术期刊《人类生物学年鉴》（Annals of Human Biology）近日发表新的研究结果指，经过遗传学家和外科医生的详细分析，其皇室成员下颌大多比上颚突出的特征，是因近亲通婚导致的脸部畸形疾病，首度表明两者间存在明显的积极关联性。

智利首都圣地牙哥孔波斯特拉大学与10名脸部外科医生，针对15名哈布斯堡王朝成员的66幅肖像画，诊断他们的脸部畸形程度，当中包括11个下颚前突及7个上颌缺陷特征。

团队发现下颚前突与近亲繁殖程度有莫大关系，当中以菲利普四世的下颌前突程度最高，其次为他的女儿、侄子及曾孙，而1477年嫁入皇室的勃艮第玛丽则最低。

哈布斯堡王朝是欧洲最具影响力的王朝之一，从1438年到1740年都一直垄断神圣罗马帝国的帝位。

王朝近200年的近亲繁殖，令其得以透过血缘统治稳固偌大的封建领域，但最终亦因最后一任皇帝没有能力生育继承人而走向灭亡，其皇室成员特有的‘突下巴’成因一直是谜。

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