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印尼政府宣布决定将首都从爪哇岛迁移至加里曼丹岛之后，引发最大的担忧之一就是环境问题。当局要迁都的主要原因之一是雅加达陆沉情况严重，可是批评者警告，迁都不但无法拯救雅加达，甚至可能在婆罗洲引发新的环境危机。

婆罗洲是世界第三大岛，亚洲第一大岛，现分由印尼、马来西亚及汶莱三国管辖，印尼称它为加里曼丹岛。该岛矿产资源丰富，采矿活动多。那里有大片热带雨林，是目前地球上为数不多的猩猩自然栖息地之一。

环保组织称，采矿活动和棕榈种植园早已威胁到婆罗洲的环境和濒临灭绝的物种，如今要在一个重点保护区附近大幅度辟林造地，开建大城市，只会加剧环境问题。

印尼环保发言人苏哈迪说：“东加里曼丹承受的环境压力本来就已经很大。那里有数以百计的矿厂和种植园，如果当地（因为建新都）将来也不胜负荷，他们是不是又要迁都呢？”

原住民也担心林地会消失

婆罗洲原住民社区领袖对迁都计划持着谨慎乐观的态度，有喜有忧。他们认为将首都迁移到目前人口2000万的东加里曼丹省，对于长期被边缘化的族群有利，同时可带动这个地区的经济。然而，原住民也担心与他们世代共存的林地会消失。