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委内瑞拉政府过去数十年来一直控制石油行业，惟美国传媒报道，总统马杜罗为保住政权和挽救经济，已默许将石油业的控制权交给外国企业。

根据当地法律，委内瑞拉国营石油公司必须是所有大型石油项目的主要参与者，但由于它被美国制裁，加上多年严重管理不善和贪腐，其营运已由其外国伙伴非正式接手。私营公司目前负责抽取原油、安排出口、向工人支薪、购买设备和聘请保安人员等运营工作。

分析指将石油公司控制权交给外国公司，与社会主义宗旨相违背，但马杜罗却能借此保持经济稳定和巩固政权。

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