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789

在日常生活中,很多人发现身边的老年人总是无缘无故就“老泪纵横”,尤其是被风一吹,眼泪更会不听使唤地掉下来。这种现象在医学上被称为“溢泪”,溢泪虽然不是什么大问题,但不应忽视,要查明具体原因,辨证施治。
溢泪的情况并不罕见,据临床统计,26%至43%的老年人都患有不同程度的溢泪。医学上将溢泪分为功能性和病理性两类。
首先来了解一下功能性溢泪。人的泪道包括泪小点、泪小管、泪总管、泪囊、鼻泪管。其中,泪小点多为椭圆形或圆形,其周围围绕着丰富的眼轮匝肌,以保持泪小点的开放状态。
老年人的眼周组织较为松弛,眨眼睛时,眼轮匝肌作为“泪液泵”的功能不足,很容易导致流泪,如果遇上寒冷天气,保护性泪液分泌过多,溢泪的表现就更加明显。
病理性溢泪的原因很多,主要有以下几种:
{1}干眼症:干眼症是由于泪液量的减少、质的异常导致泪膜稳定性降低,同时伴有眼部炎症或不适,从而引起眼表损伤的一种疾病。
患有干眼症的老年人眼睛缺少泪水滋润,眼球表面摩擦增加,常有酸涩、异物感,同时有黏稠的分泌物。润滑不足的眼睛在风、油烟等刺激下,会流出大量泪水,让老年人“眼泪汪汪”。
{2}泪液分泌过多:老年人如果患有结膜炎、角膜炎等,容易刺激三叉神经,造成泪液的反射性分泌,进而导致泪液分泌过多。
{3}泪道阻塞:老年人出现泪道狭窄、泪道阻塞等情况多由慢性炎症导致,其常见部位为泪小点、泪小管、泪囊与鼻泪管交界处,主要临床症状是流泪。病人经常擦拭眼泪容易造成下泪点外翻,使流泪更加严重。
{4}全身性疾病:老年人如果患有糖尿病、类风湿关节炎、过敏性疾病,会导致末梢神经麻痹,加重眼干,而眼干会导致流泪增加。
{5}屈光异常:老年人如果患有远视或老花,在看远处、看近处时需要调节眼肌,这就会增加睫状肌负担,易致用眼疲劳,进而加重眼部干燥的情况,更容易出现溢泪。
值得注意的是,老年人如果经常出现“老泪纵横”的现象,应该及时到医院进行检查,以免耽误治疗时机。
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