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人们常说“粗茶淡饭”有利健康，因此，粗粮被搬上了人们的餐桌，而且，粗粮的各种好处也使得它们被人追捧，如富含膳食纤维，可帮助肠道蠕动，排除毒素，预防便秘；粗粮有助于控制血糖，改善心血管功能；还有人说粗粮有减肥之功效等等，那粗粮能代替主食吗？

粗粮指加工程度较低的主食，如糙米、全麦等。而细粮指加工程度较高的主食，如大米、小麦等。

从营养价值来看，由于粗粮的加工程度较低，谷皮、糊粉层和谷胚被较好保存，因此粗粮中的膳食纤维、B族维生素、维生素E、矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸、酚类等植物化学物含量比细粮高。

就食物加工而言，谷类食物加工越精细，其血糖生成指数越高。小麦面条、全麦面条的血糖生成指数分别为82、37，精白米饭、发芽糙米的血糖生成指数分别为83、54。加工程度高的小麦面条、精白米饭均为高血糖生成指数食物，加工程度低的全麦面条、发芽糙米均为低血糖生成指数食物。因此吃细粮后，血糖升高速度较快，建议糖尿病病人用部分粗粮代替细粮，从而防止血糖快速升高。

从慢性病预防控制看，增加粗粮的摄入可以降低2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、结直肠癌的发病风险，经常吃适量的粗粮还可以降低患超重肥胖、血脂异常的危险。

因此，建议将细粮和粗粮搭配着吃，传统的二米饭（大米、小米一同放入锅中蒸）、八宝粥等都是较好的选择。这样一来，增加了食物的品种，实现了粗细搭配，提高了食物的营养价值，促进疾病预防和控制。

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