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德国科学家近日从一块化石中，发现2.4亿年前的罗氏祖龟（Pappochelys rosinae）有癌细胞，认为这是有史以来最古老的癌症病例。科学家指，研究结果显示，癌症并非现代疾病，而是基因上的弱点。研究结果刊登在《美国医学会肿瘤学期刊》上。

科学家表示，这只罗氏祖龟的左股骨化石表面粗糙，仅长4公分，不平均的生长组织覆盖于骨头其中一侧的整个上半部。透过奈米级电脑断层扫描仪，详细检查化石内部，从组织的大小、形状及外观，判断应该是骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）或恶性骨癌。

报告的另一名作者、柏林博物馆的古生物学生哈里迪说，若细胞不受“肿瘤抑制基因”（又称抗癌基因、隐性癌基因）控制，会失控地分裂，变成癌变。

不过，目前尚无法证实罗氏祖龟的基因出错，是否与人类骨癌的病因相同，因为没有古代基因的样本，也无法判断当时它罹患的骨癌是否会致命。罗氏祖龟是一种已灭绝、存活于三叠纪中期、外貌类似海龟的4脚生物，它全长约20公分、但没有外壳。